The number of adverse drug reaction reports for basal (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and their incidences in the registry increased. |
Immunosuppressants were most frequently suspected. |
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 EudraVigilance
2.2 Identification and Validation of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reports Referring to Basal (BCC) and Squamous (SCC) Cell Carcinomas
2.3 Completeness Score
2.4 Descriptive Analyses of the Validated BCC and SCC Reports
2.5 The Number of ADR Reports per Inhabitants
2.6 Prescription Data
2.7 Data from the German Cancer Registry
2.8 Statistical Analysis
2.9 Ethics Approval and Data Availability
3 Results
3.1 Baseline and Comparative Analysis of BCC and SCC Reports
BCC (n = 191)* | SCC (n = 75)* | Odds ratio (OR) [± 95.0% confidence interval (CI)] BCC vs. SCC | |
---|---|---|---|
Patient demographicsa | |||
Mean age (± SD) Median age [IQR] Female Male Unknown | 60.1 (± 15.0) 60.0 [49.5–72.0] 56.5% (108/191) 41.4% (79/191) 2.1% (4/191) | 64.5 (± 14.4) 64.0 [56.5–75.5] 29.3% (22/75) 66.7% (50/75) 4.0% (3/75) | – 3.1 [1.7–5.5] |
Patients with autoimmune diseasesb | |||
Autoimmune diseases | 56.5% (n = 108) | 38.7% (n = 29) | 2.1 [1.2–3.6] |
Type of reported autoimmune diseases | |||
Arthritis (all forms) Multiple sclerosis acute and progressive Colitis (excl. infective) Psoriatic conditions Crohn’s disease | 14.1% (n = 27) 10.5% (n = 20) 7.9% (n = 15) 7.9% (n = 15) 6.3% (n = 12) | 5.3% (n = 4) 4.0% (n = 3) 6.7% (n = 5) 13.3% (n = 10) 6.7% (n = 5) | 2.9 [1.0–8.7] 2.8 [0.8–9.7] 1.2 [0.4–3.4] 0.6 [0.2–1.3] 0.9 [0.3–2.8] |
Own tumour anamnesisc | |||
Skin cancer and other cancer Other cancer | 6.8% (n = 13) 9.9% (n = 19) | 8.0% (n = 6) 28.0% (n = 21) | 0.8 [0.3–2.3] 0.3 [0.1–0.6] |
The five most frequently reported suspected drug classes for BCC and SCCd | |||
L04A immunosuppressants C03A thiazides L03A immunostimulants L01X other antineoplastic agents L01B antimetabolites H02A corticosteroids | 57.1% (n = 109) 12.6% (n = 24) 7.3% (n = 14) 6.8% (n = 13) 3.1% (n = 6) 2.1% (n = 4) | 60.0% (n = 45) 10.7% (n = 8) 1.3% (n = 1) 24.0% (n = 18) 4.0% (n = 3) 8.0% (n = 6) | 0.9 [0.5–1.5] 1.2 [0.5–2.8] 5.9 [0.8–45.3] 0.2 [0.1–0.5] 0.8 [0.2–3.2] 0.2 [0.1–0.9] |
The five most frequently reported suspected drug substances for BCC and SCCd | |||
Fingolimod Hydrochlorothiazide# Adalimumab Cyclosporine Etanercept Lenalidomide Azathioprine# | 13.6% (n = 26) 13.1% (n = 25) 11.5% (n = 22) 6.8% (n = 13) 6.8% (n = 13) 0.5% (n = 1) 5.2% (n = 10) | 4.0% (n = 3) 10.7% (n = 8) 12.0% (n = 9) 8.0% (n = 6) 1.3% (n = 1) 10.7% (n = 8) 9.3% (n = 7) | 3.8 [1.1–12.9] 1.3 [0.5–2.9] 1.0 [0.4–2.2] 0.8 [0.3–2.3] 5.4 [0.7–42.1} 0.0 [0.0–0.4] 0.5 [0.2–1.5] |
Drugs with photosensitising potentiale | |||
Number of reports | 41.9% (n = 80) | 44.0% (n = 33) | 0.9 [0.5–1.6] |
Drugs with immunosuppressive effects in patients’ history or concomitant therapyf | |||
Number of reports | 32.5% (n = 62) | 41.3% (n = 31) | 0.7 [0.4–1.2] |
The five most frequently reported drug classes with immunosuppressive effects in patients’ history or concomitant therapyf | |||
L04A immunosuppressants H02A corticosteroids L01B antimetabolites L03A immunostimulants L01X other antineoplastic agents L01A alkalising drugs | 16.2% (n = 31) 11.5% (n = 22) 5.2% (n = 10) 4.2% (n = 8) 1.6% (n = 3) 1.0% (n = 2) | 16.0% (n = 12) 22.7% (n = 17) 5.3% (n = 4) 2.7% (n = 2) 9.3% (n = 7) 9.3% (n = 7) | 1.0 [0.5–2.1] 0.4 [0.2–0.9] 1.0 [0.3–3.2] 1.6 [0.3–7.7] 0.2 [0.0–0.6] 0.1 [0.0–0.5] |
Seriousness of ADR reportsg | |||
Serious Death Life-threatening Hospitalisation Disabling | 99.0% (189/191) 3.1% (6/191) 3.1% (6/191) 27.7% (53/191) 6.8% (13/191) | 97.3% (73/75) 10.7% (8/75) 8.0% (6/75) 30.7% (23/75) 6.7% (5/75) | 2.6 [0.4–18.7] 0.3 [0.1–0.8] 0.4 [0.1–1.2] 0.9 [0.5–1.6] 1.0 [0.4–3.0] |
3.2 Annual Number of Reports
3.3 Age- and Sex-Stratified Analyses of BCC and SCC Reports
3.4 Characteristics in BCC and SCC Reports and Cases
BCC reports (n = 191) | SCC reports (n = 75) | Cases of BCC in the German Cancer Registry (n = 1,267,210) | Cases of SCC in the German Cancer Registry (n = 476,903) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic parameters | ||||
Mean age, years (median) | 60.1 (60) | 64.5 (64.0) | 70.2 (72.0) | 74.5 (76.0) |
Female | 56.5% (n = 108) | 29.3% (n = 22) | 48.7% (n = 617,219) | 41.6% (n = 198,539) |
Mean age female, years (median) | 56.8 (57) | 64.6 (63.0) | 69.7 (71.0) | 75.6 (77.0) |
Male | 41.4% (n = 79) | 66.7% (n = 50) | 51.3% (n = 649,991) | 58.4% (n = 278,544) |
Mean age male, years (median) | 64.5 (67.0) | 64.5 (64.0) | 70.8 (72.0) | 73.7 (75.0) |
Unknown | 2.1% (n = 4) | 4.0% (n = 3) | – | – |
Location of tumour | ||||
Cases with information | 55.0% (n = 105)a | 72.0% (n = 54)a | 90.3% (n = 1,144,142) | 94.7% (n = 451,565) |
Lips | 1.0% (1/105) | 7.4% (4/54) | 2.0% (n = 23,298) | 4.1% (n = 18,544) |
Eye/eyelid | 6.7% (7/105) | 11.1% (6/54) | 5.8% (n = 66,361) | 1.7% (n = 7601) |
Ear and auditory canal | 6.7% (7/105) | 5.6% (3/54) | 4.0% (n = 46,115) | 8.1% (n = 36,763) |
Other part of the face | 50.5% (53/105) | 40.7% (22/54) | 44.9% (n = 513,399) | 32.6% (n = 147, 125) |
Scalp and neck | 4.7% (9/105) | 11.1% (6/54) | 8.2% (n = 94,141) | 10.4% (n = 46,989) |
Trunk | 12.6% (24/105) | 11.1% (6/54) | 20.4% (n = 233,249) | 5.0% (n = 22,670) |
Upper extremities incl. shoulder | 3.7% (14/105) | 18.5% (10/54) | 8.5% (n = 96,918) | 10.3% (n = 46,493) |
Lower extremities incl. hips | 3.7% (7/105) | 16.7% (9/54) | 5.6% (n = 63,658) | 4.3% (n = 19,510) |
Overlapping | – | – | 0.4% (n = 4941) | 0.2% (n = 838) |
Oral cavity | 0.0% (0/105) | 0.0% (0/54) | 0.0% (n = 8) | 14.7% (n = 66,519) |
Vulva | 0.0% (0/105) | 2.7% (2/54) | 0.1% (n = 1688) | 6.6% (n = 29,773) |
Penis | 0.5% (1/105) | 4.0% (3/54) | 0.0 (n = 366) | 1.9% (n = 8740) |
3.5 Time to Onset Analyses of BCC and SCC Stratified by Drugs
Median time to onset [IQR] in days | BCC | SCC |
---|---|---|
Total | 1117.5 [461.8–2481.25] | 788 [336–2864.5] |
Reports with drugs with photosensitising potential reported as suspected | 2044 [818–3741] | 2143.5 [423.3–3926.25] |
Reports with immunosuppressants reported as suspected | 930.0 [416.0–1858.0] | 810.5 [398–2695.25] |
3.6 Reporting Rates for the Drugs Most Frequently Reported as Suspected in BCC and SCC Reports
Analysed period of time: 2009–2018 | BCC: reporting rates for the drugs most frequently reported as suspected | SCC: reporting rates for the drugs most frequently reported as suspected |
---|---|---|
1. Median (mean) | Fingolimod 3.9 (4.7) | Adalimumab 0.2 (0.5) |
2. Median (mean) | Hydrochlorothiazide 0.0 (0.0) | Hydrochlorothiazide 0.0 (0.0) |
3. Median (mean) | Adalimumab 1.6 (1.2) | Lenalidomide 1.0 (2.2) |
4. Median (mean) | Ciclosporine 0.2 (0.2) | Azathioprine 0.0 (0.1) |
5. Median (mean) | Etanercept 0.6 (0.8) | Ciclosporine 0.0 (0.1) |