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Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
Erschienen in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 1/2022

12.01.2022 | COVID-19 | Non-Thematic Review Zur Zeit gratis

Of vascular defense, hemostasis, cancer, and platelet biology: an evolutionary perspective

verfasst von: David G. Menter, Vahid Afshar-Kharghan, John Paul Shen, Stephanie L. Martch, Anirban Maitra, Scott Kopetz, Kenneth V. Honn, Anil K. Sood

Erschienen in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Ausgabe 1/2022

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Abstract

We have established considerable expertise in studying the role of platelets in cancer biology. From this expertise, we were keen to recognize the numerous venous-, arterial-, microvascular-, and macrovascular thrombotic events and immunologic disorders are caused by severe, acute-respiratory-syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. With this offering, we explore the evolutionary connections that place platelets at the center of hemostasis, immunity, and adaptive phylogeny. Coevolutionary changes have also occurred in vertebrate viruses and their vertebrate hosts that reflect their respective evolutionary interactions. As mammals adapted from aquatic to terrestrial life and the heavy blood loss associated with placentalization-based live birth, platelets evolved phylogenetically from thrombocytes toward higher megakaryocyte-blebbing-based production rates and the lack of nuclei. With no nuclei and robust RNA synthesis, this adaptation may have influenced viral replication to become less efficient after virus particles are engulfed. Human platelets express numerous receptors that bind viral particles, which developed from archetypal origins to initiate aggregation and exocytic-release of thrombo-, immuno-, angiogenic-, growth-, and repair-stimulatory granule contents. Whether by direct, evolutionary, selective pressure, or not, these responses may help to contain virus spread, attract immune cells for eradication, and stimulate angiogenesis, growth, and wound repair after viral damage. Because mammalian and marsupial platelets became smaller and more plate-like their biophysical properties improved in function, which facilitated distribution near vessel walls in fluid-shear fields. This adaptation increased the probability that platelets could then interact with and engulf shedding virus particles. Platelets also generate circulating microvesicles that increase membrane surface-area encounters and mark viral targets. In order to match virus-production rates, billions of platelets are generated and turned over per day to continually provide active defenses and adaptation to suppress the spectrum of evolving threats like SARS-CoV-2.
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Metadaten
Titel
Of vascular defense, hemostasis, cancer, and platelet biology: an evolutionary perspective
verfasst von
David G. Menter
Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
John Paul Shen
Stephanie L. Martch
Anirban Maitra
Scott Kopetz
Kenneth V. Honn
Anil K. Sood
Publikationsdatum
12.01.2022
Verlag
Springer US
Schlagwort
COVID-19
Erschienen in
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Ausgabe 1/2022
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-022-10019-5

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Wie stark Menschen mit fortgeschrittenem NSCLC von einer Therapie mit Immun-Checkpoint-Hemmern profitieren, hängt offenbar auch davon ab, wie sehr die Diagnose ihre psychische Verfassung erschüttert

Antikörper mobilisiert Neutrophile gegen Krebs

03.06.2024 Onkologische Immuntherapie Nachrichten

Ein bispezifischer Antikörper formiert gezielt eine Armee neutrophiler Granulozyten gegen Krebszellen. An den Antikörper gekoppeltes TNF-alpha soll die Zellen zudem tief in solide Tumoren hineinführen.

Erhebliches Risiko für Kehlkopfkrebs bei mäßiger Dysplasie

29.05.2024 Larynxkarzinom Nachrichten

Fast ein Viertel der Personen mit mäßig dysplastischen Stimmlippenläsionen entwickelt einen Kehlkopftumor. Solche Personen benötigen daher eine besonders enge ärztliche Überwachung.

15% bedauern gewählte Blasenkrebs-Therapie

29.05.2024 Urothelkarzinom Nachrichten

Ob Patienten und Patientinnen mit neu diagnostiziertem Blasenkrebs ein Jahr später Bedauern über die Therapieentscheidung empfinden, wird einer Studie aus England zufolge von der Radikalität und dem Erfolg des Eingriffs beeinflusst.

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