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Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology
Erschienen in: Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 4/2023

20.05.2023 | Forefront Review

Diagnosis and management of vitreoretinal lymphoma: present and future treatment perspectives

verfasst von: Toshikatsu Kaburaki, Kazuki Taoka

Erschienen in: Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology | Ausgabe 4/2023

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Abstract

Intraocular lymphoma (IOL) is a rare malignant intraocular lymphocytic tumor that mimics uveitis. IOL is anatomically classified into vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) and uveal lymphoma; most IOLs are VRLs, while uveal lymphoma is rare. VRL is highly malignant, with 60%–85% of patients developing central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma; primary VRL (PVRL) is an ocular disease with poor prognosis. We aimed to review the management and both current and future treatments for VRL. VRL diagnosis is based on the results of cytopathological examination using vitreous biopsy. However, the positive ratio of vitreous cytology remains 29%–70%. A combination of adjunctive tests may improve diagnostic accuracy, but as yet no gold-standard regimen has been established. Methotrexate intravitreal injections are effective in controlling ocular lesions; however, this treatment allows CNS dissemination. The efficacy of systemic chemotherapy in suppressing CNS dissemination has been recently debated. A multicenter prospective study with a unified treatment protocol is required to clarify this issue. In addition, establishing a treatment protocol for elderly patients and those with poor general health is necessary. Moreover, relapsed/refractory VRL and secondary VRL are more difficult to treat than PVRL because they are prone to recurrence. Ibrutinib, lenalidomide with or without rituximab, and temozolomide are promising treatments for relapsed/refractory VRL. In Japan, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have been approved for treating refractory CNS lymphoma. Furthermore, a randomized prospective study of tirabrutinib, a highly selective BTK inhibitor, is ongoing for evaluating the suppressing of CNS progression in patients with PVRL.
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Metadaten
Titel
Diagnosis and management of vitreoretinal lymphoma: present and future treatment perspectives
verfasst von
Toshikatsu Kaburaki
Kazuki Taoka
Publikationsdatum
20.05.2023
Verlag
Springer Japan
Erschienen in
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology / Ausgabe 4/2023
Print ISSN: 0021-5155
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-2246
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-023-00997-6

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Metastasen Leitthema

Peri- sowie intraokuläre Metastasen sind insgesamt gesehen selten und meist Zeichen einer fortgeschrittenen primären Tumorerkrankung. Die Therapie ist daher zumeist palliativ und selten kurativ. Zudem ist die Therapiefindung sehr individuell. Die …

Update Augenheilkunde

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