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23.08.2023 | Review

Effectiveness of low-intensity laser photobiomodulation in reducing inflammatory events (pain, edema, and trismus) after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

verfasst von: Renan Maia Passos, Kamila França Pimentel, Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva, Fabricio Bitu Sousa, Fabio Wildson Gurgel Costa, Edson Luiz Cetira Filho

Erschienen in: Clinical Oral Investigations | Ausgabe 10/2023

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Abstract

Objective

This systematic review aimed to answer whether, in (P) individuals undergoing orthognathic surgery, (I) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) during or shortly after the surgical procedure compared to (C) pharmacologic therapy alone or no therapy for improvement of post-intervention complications relieves (O) postoperative inflammatory events in (S) randomized clinical trials.

Material and methods

A preliminary electronic search was conducted for references with language following a Latin (Roman) alphabet in seven databases index, and gray literature without restriction on language or publication period. Risk of bias was performed by RoB 2.0 tool, and meta-analysis used mean differences (MD) for edema and mouth opening and standardized mean differences (SMD) for pain scores (p < 0.05, Revman®).

Results

A total of 91 control patients and 114 LLLT patients were included. The wavelengths ranged from 660 to 940 nm, and the applied energy density was between 5 and 100 J/cm² at mostly extraoral distributed points. LLLT significantly reduced edema (MD = − 4.27, CI95% − 5.13 to − 3.41 mm) in the period from 5 days to 2 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.001) and showed strongly reduced pain scores (SMD = − 1.37, I95% = − 1.99 to − 0.75) between 1 day and 5 weeks (p < 0.001), without significantly interfering with mouth opening (p = 0.110). Despite the low risk of bias, high heterogeneity among studies (I² > 70%) and small sample sizes made the certainty of GRADE evidence low.

Conclusion

This SR demonstrated that LLLT effectively controls pain and edema after orthognathic surgery.

Clinical relevance

Systematic review that summarizes the use of photobiomodulation on orthognathic surgery.

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Titel: Effectiveness of low-intensity laser photobiomodulation in reducing inflammatory events (pain, edema, and trismus) after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
verfasst von: Renan Maia Passos
Kamila França Pimentel
Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
Fabricio Bitu Sousa
Fabio Wildson Gurgel Costa
Edson Luiz Cetira Filho
Publikationsdatum: 23.08.2023
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Clinical Oral Investigations / Ausgabe 10/2023
Print ISSN: 1432-6981
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-3771
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05222-9

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Effectiveness of low-intensity laser photobiomodulation in reducing inflammatory events (pain, edema, and trismus) after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials