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2017 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

25. Genetische und epigenetische Aspekte in Bezug auf körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit

verfasst von : Dr. rer. Medic Dr. Sportwiss. Philipp Zimmer, Alexander Schenk, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Wilhelm Bloch

Erschienen in: Körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Ein aktiver Lebensstil minimiert das Risiko für zahlreiche Erkrankungen und hat darüber hinaus das Potenzial, einem Progress entgegenzuwirken. Heute weiß man, dass ein Großteil der positiven Effekte von körperlicher Aktivität auf zellulärer und molekularer Ebene abbildbar ist. Ihren Ursprung haben alle Erkrankungen in einer veränderten oder fehlerhaften Expression verschiedenster Gene. Die Aktivität von Genen wird maßgeblich durch Modifikationen des »funktionellen Genoms« beeinflusst. Dieses beschreibt zum einen die Veränderungen der Gene selbst (Mutationen und Polymorphismen). Zum anderen beinhaltet es Veränderungen von Genen und von mit diesen assoziierten Proteinen (Histonen), die im Gegensatz zu Mutationen keinen Einfluss auf die Basensequenz haben, gleichwohl aber deren Aktivität verändern können. Die aktuelle Studienlage weist darauf hin, dass körperliche Aktivität neben anderen Umweltfaktoren auf dieser basalen Ebene wirksam ist. Zukünftige Studien müssen zeigen, inwieweit das »funktionelle Genom« geeignet ist, um etwaige unterschiedliche Adaptionen auf Trainingsreize zu erklären, und ggf. zur Trainingssteuerung nutzbar ist.
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Metadaten
Titel
Genetische und epigenetische Aspekte in Bezug auf körperliche Aktivität und Gesundheit
verfasst von
Dr. rer. Medic Dr. Sportwiss. Philipp Zimmer
Alexander Schenk
Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Wilhelm Bloch
Copyright-Jahr
2017
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50335-5_25

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Häusliche Gewalt in der orthopädischen Notaufnahme oft nicht erkannt

28.05.2024 Häusliche Gewalt Nachrichten

In der Notaufnahme wird die Chance, Opfer von häuslicher Gewalt zu identifizieren, von Orthopäden und Orthopädinnen offenbar zu wenig genutzt. Darauf deuten die Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie an der Sahlgrenska-Universität in Schweden hin.

Fehlerkultur in der Medizin – Offenheit zählt!

28.05.2024 Fehlerkultur Podcast

Darüber reden und aus Fehlern lernen, sollte das Motto in der Medizin lauten. Und zwar nicht nur im Sinne der Patientensicherheit. Eine negative Fehlerkultur kann auch die Behandelnden ernsthaft krank machen, warnt Prof. Dr. Reinhard Strametz. Ein Plädoyer und ein Leitfaden für den offenen Umgang mit kritischen Ereignissen in Medizin und Pflege.

Mehr Frauen im OP – weniger postoperative Komplikationen

21.05.2024 Allgemeine Chirurgie Nachrichten

Ein Frauenanteil von mindestens einem Drittel im ärztlichen Op.-Team war in einer großen retrospektiven Studie aus Kanada mit einer signifikanten Reduktion der postoperativen Morbidität assoziiert.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

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