Background
Methods
Study population
CMR imaging protocol
CMR image analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of the study population
Mean ± SD or n (%) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|
Patients with ACI | Patients without ACI | ||
(n = 196) | (n = 491) | ||
Age, years | 60.9 ± 9.8 | 63.3 ± 10.1 | 0.005 |
Gender, male | 154 (78.6) | 323 (65.8) | 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 3.1 | 24.2 ± 3.1 | 0.010 |
Smoke | 114 (58.2) | 233 (47.5) | 0.011 |
Diabetes | 77 (39.3) | 139 (28.3) | 0.005 |
Hypertension | 149 (76.0) | 367 (74.7) | 0.727 |
SBP, mmHg | 145.8 ± 24.7 | 144.7 ± 20.7 | 0.999 |
DBP, mmHg | 88.4 ± 13.7 | 86.9 ± 13.4 | 0.138 |
Hyperlipidemia | 108 (55.1) | 272 (55.4) | 0.944 |
TC, mmol/L | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 0.093 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 0.833 |
HDL, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.089 |
LDL, mmol/L | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.0 | 0.004 |
CAD | 34 (17.3) | 75 (15.3) | 0.502 |
Comparison of plaque features between patients with and without ACI
Mean ± SD, or n (%) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|
Patients with ACI (n = 196) | Patients without ACI (n = 491) | ||
Plaque morphology | |||
Lumen area, mm2 | 45.3 ± 15.2 | 44.4 ± 14.9 | 0.443 |
Wall area, mm2 | 35.4 ± 11.6 | 32.5 ± 11.0 | 0.002 |
Total vessel area, mm2 | 80.7 ± 19.5 | 77.0 ± 20.7 | 0.016 |
Mean wall thickness, mm | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.007 |
Normalized wall index, % | 44.2 ± 10.7 | 42.6 ± 9.3 | 0.122 |
Luminal stenosis, % | 26.4 ± 40.0 | 16.1 ± 27.5 | 0.058 |
a Plaque volume, mm3 | 722.5 ± 475.3 | 667.3 ± 426.9 | 0.320 |
Presence of plaque compositions | |||
Calcification | 101 (51.5) | 247 (50.3) | 0.772 |
Fibrous cap rupture | 18 (9.2) | 40 (8.1) | 0.659 |
LRNC | 148 (75.5) | 380 (77.4) | 0.597 |
All IPH | 42 (21.4) | 76 (15.5) | 0.062 |
Fresh IPH | 22 (11.2) | 38 (0.8) | 0.804 |
Recent IPH | 8 (0.4) | 23 (0.5) | 0.185 |
Both two types of IPH | 12 (0.6) | 15 (0.3) | 0.274 |
b Size of plaque compositions | |||
Volume of calcification, mm3 | 37.1 ± 76.2 | 38.7 ± 51.8 | 0.194 |
% calcification volume, % | 3.3 ± 4.2 | 4.0 ± 4.0 | 0.046 |
Volume of LRNC, mm3 | 166.5 ± 243.9 | 113.4 ± 153.7 | 0.083 |
% LRNC volume, % | 14.9 ± 14.2 | 12.1 ± 11.1 | 0.105 |
Volume of IPH, mm3 | 164.9 ± 200.5 | 71.4 ± 67.7 | 0.006 |
% IPH volume, % | 12.1 ± 10.5 | 7.0 ± 5.9 | 0.014 |
Association of carotid plaque features with ipsilateral ACI
Presence of ACI | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate regression | Multivariate regression model 1d | Multivariate regression model 2 e | |||||||
OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
a Lumen area, mm2 | 1.058 | 0.898–1.247 | 0.501 | 0.975 | 0.819–1.161 | 0.776 | |||
a Wall area, mm2 | 1.269 | 1.081–1.489 | 0.004 | 1.257 | 1.047–1.510 | 0.014 | |||
a Total vessel area, mm2 | 1.194 | 1.014–1.406 | 0.034 | 1.109 | 0.924–1.331 | 0.268 | |||
a Mean wall thickness, mm2 | 1.293 | 1.103–1.515 | 0.002 | 1.315 | 1.103–1.568 | 0.002 | |||
b NWI, % | 1.177 | 0.997–1.390 | 0.054 | 1.202 | 1.008–1.434 | 0.040 | |||
a Plaque volume, mm3 | 1.130 | 0.961–1.329 | 0.140 | 1.087 | 0.903–1.308 | 0.378 | |||
b Luminal stenosis, % | 1.098 | 1.044–1.155 | < 0.001 | 1.096 | 1.039–1.155 | 0.001 | |||
Presence of calcification | 1.050 | 0.754–1.463 | 0.772 | 1.094 | 0.757–1.582 | 0.632 | 1.024 | 0.680–1.541 | 0.910 |
Presence of FCR | 1.140 | 0.637–2.042 | 0.659 | 1.183 | 0.646–2.167 | 0.586 | 1.095 | 0.578–2.074 | 0.780 |
Presence of LRNC | 0.901 | 0.611–6.328 | 0.597 | 0.780 | 0.516–1.180 | 0.240 | 0.663 | 0.417–1.054 | 0.083 |
Presence of IPH | 1.489 | 0.979–2.266 | 0.063 | 1.515 | 0.963–2.384 | 0.072 | 1.485 | 0.907–2.432 | 0.116 |
c Volume of calcification, mm3 | 0.971 | 0.763–1.234 | 0.808 | 1.023 | 0.794–1.318 | 0.859 | 0.953 | 0.702–1.294 | 0.759 |
c % calcification volume, % | 0.605 | 0.314–1.166 | 0.133 | 0.731 | 0.372–1.436 | 0.363 | |||
c Volume of LRNC, mm3 | 1.297 | 1.084–1.553 | 0.005 | 1.312 | 1.082–1.591 | 0.006 | 1.398 | 1.045–1.870 | 0.024 |
c % LRNC volume, % | 1.199 | 1.032–1.393 | 0.018 | 1.190 | 1.014–1.398 | 0.034 | |||
c Volume of IPH, mm3 | 2.514 | 1.363–4.637 | 0.003 | 2.907 | 1.341–6.301 | 0.007 | 2.813 | 1.212–6.528 | 0.016 |
c % IPH volume, % | 2.202 | 1.317–3.680 | 0.003 | 2.374 | 1.324–4.257 | 0.004 |