Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Advances in Gerontology 3/2023

07.03.2024 | REVIEWS

The Role of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in the Development of Frailty in Older Adults

verfasst von: V. S. Pykhtina

Erschienen in: Advances in Gerontology | Ausgabe 3/2023

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Frailty is the main geriatric syndrome, which is closely associated with age-related diseases and aging in general. Being considered the main pathogenetic mechanism of aging, low-grade chronic inflammation potentially contributes to increased degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway. Active metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, when accumulated, implement their immunomodulatory, pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties, thereby supporting and enhancing the aging process. Over the past decade, data have been collected on the role of an unbalanced kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of frailty and age-related diseases. This review summarizes clinical and experimental data on the importance of kynurenine pathway analysis as a valuable tool for risk stratification and prognosis of frailty and age-related diseases.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Beard, J.R., Officer, A., de Carvalho, I.A., Sadana, R., Pot, A.M., Michel, J.P., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., Epping-Jordan, J.E., Peeters, G.M.E.E.G., Mahanani, W.R., Thiyagarajan, J.A., and Chatterji, S., The World report on ageing and health: A policy framework for healthy ageing, Lancet, 2016, vol. 387, no. 10033, pp. 2145–2154. PMID: 26520231; PMCID: PMC4848186.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00516-4CrossRefPubMed Beard, J.R., Officer, A., de Carvalho, I.A., Sadana, R., Pot, A.M., Michel, J.P., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., Epping-Jordan, J.E., Peeters, G.M.E.E.G., Mahanani, W.R., Thiyagarajan, J.A., and Chatterji, S., The World report on ageing and health: A policy framework for healthy ageing, Lancet, 2016, vol. 387, no. 10033, pp. 2145–2154. PMID: 26520231; PMCID: PMC4848186.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​S0140-6736(15)00516-4CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Newman, A.B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W.J., Burke, G., and McBurnie, M.A., Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2001, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. M146–М156. PMID: 11253156.https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146CrossRefPubMed Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Newman, A.B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W.J., Burke, G., and McBurnie, M.A., Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2001, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. M146–М156. PMID: 11253156.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​gerona/​56.​3.​m146CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Majewski, M., Kozlowska, A., Thoene, M., Lepiarczyk, E., and Grzegorzewski, W.J., Overview of the role of vitamins and minerals on the kynurenine pathway in health and disease, J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2016, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 3–19. PMID: 27010891.PubMed Majewski, M., Kozlowska, A., Thoene, M., Lepiarczyk, E., and Grzegorzewski, W.J., Overview of the role of vitamins and minerals on the kynurenine pathway in health and disease, J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2016, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 3–19. PMID: 27010891.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Heyes, M.P., Chen, C.Y., Major, E.O., and Saito, K., Different kynurenine pathway enzymes limit quinolinic acid formation by various human cell types, Biochem. J., 1997, vol. 326, pp. 351–356.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Heyes, M.P., Chen, C.Y., Major, E.O., and Saito, K., Different kynurenine pathway enzymes limit quinolinic acid formation by various human cell types, Biochem. J., 1997, vol. 326, pp. 351–356.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
19.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Stone, T.W. and Addae, J.I., The pharmacological manipulation of glutamate receptors and neuroprotection, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2002, vol. 447, pp. 285–296.CrossRefPubMed Stone, T.W. and Addae, J.I., The pharmacological manipulation of glutamate receptors and neuroprotection, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2002, vol. 447, pp. 285–296.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Cozzi, A., Carpenedo, R., and Moroni, F., Kynurenine hydroxylase inhibitors reduce ischemic brain damage: Studies with (m-nitrobenzoyl)-alanine (mNBA) and 3, 4-dimethoxy-[-N-4-(nitrophenyl)thiazol-2yl]-benzen-esulfonamide (Ro 61–8048) in models of focal or global brain ischemia, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 1999, vol. 19, pp. 771–777.CrossRefPubMed Cozzi, A., Carpenedo, R., and Moroni, F., Kynurenine hydroxylase inhibitors reduce ischemic brain damage: Studies with (m-nitrobenzoyl)-alanine (mNBA) and 3, 4-dimethoxy-[-N-4-(nitrophenyl)thiazol-2yl]-benzen-esulfonamide (Ro 61–8048) in models of focal or global brain ischemia, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 1999, vol. 19, pp. 771–777.CrossRefPubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Rapisarda, A., Pastorino, S., Massazza, S., Varesio, L., and Bosco, M., Antagonistic effect of picolinic acid and interferon-gamma on macrophage inflammatory protein-1a/b production, Cell Immunol., 2002, vol. 220, p. 7080.CrossRef Rapisarda, A., Pastorino, S., Massazza, S., Varesio, L., and Bosco, M., Antagonistic effect of picolinic acid and interferon-gamma on macrophage inflammatory protein-1a/b production, Cell Immunol., 2002, vol. 220, p. 7080.CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Walston, J., McBurnie, M.A., Newman, A., et al., Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study, Arch. Intern. Med., 2002, vol. 162, no. 20, pp. 2333–2341.CrossRefPubMed Walston, J., McBurnie, M.A., Newman, A., et al., Frailty and activation of the inflammation and coagulation systems with and without clinical comorbidities: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Study, Arch. Intern. Med., 2002, vol. 162, no. 20, pp. 2333–2341.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Varadhan, R., Yao, W., Matteini, A., et al., Simple biologically informed inflammatory index of two serum cytokines predicts 10 year all-cause mortality in older adults, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2014, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 165–173. Varadhan, R., Yao, W., Matteini, A., et al., Simple biologically informed inflammatory index of two serum cytokines predicts 10 year all-cause mortality in older adults, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2014, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 165–173.
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Franceschi, C. and Campisi, J., Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2014, vol. 69, suppl. 1, pp. S4–9.CrossRefPubMed Franceschi, C. and Campisi, J., Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2014, vol. 69, suppl. 1, pp. S4–9.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Gonzalez-Freire, M., de Cabo, R., Studenski, S.A., and Ferrucci, L., The neuromuscular junction: Aging at the crossroad between nerves and muscle, Front. Aging Neurosci., 2014, vol. 6, p. 208.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gonzalez-Freire, M., de Cabo, R., Studenski, S.A., and Ferrucci, L., The neuromuscular junction: Aging at the crossroad between nerves and muscle, Front. Aging Neurosci., 2014, vol. 6, p. 208.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
29.
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Dugué, P.A., Hodge, A.M., Ulvik, A., et al., Association of markers of inflammation, the kynurenine pathway and B vitamins with age and mortality, and a signature of inflammaging, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2022, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 826–836. PMID: 34117761. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab163 Dugué, P.A., Hodge, A.M., Ulvik, A., et al., Association of markers of inflammation, the kynurenine pathway and B vitamins with age and mortality, and a signature of inflammaging, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2022, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 826–836. PMID: 34117761. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​gerona/​glab163
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Walston, J., Fedarko, N., Yang, H., et al., The physical and biological characterization of a frail mouse model, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2008, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 391–398.CrossRefPubMed Walston, J., Fedarko, N., Yang, H., et al., The physical and biological characterization of a frail mouse model, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2008, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 391–398.CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Marcos-Pérez, D., Sánchez-Flores, M., Maseda, A., Lorenzo-López, L., Millán-Calenti, J.C., Strasser, B., Gostner, J.M., Fuchs, D., Pásaro, E., Valdiglesias, V., and Laffon, B., Frailty status in older adults is related to alterations in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I enzymatic pathways. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc., 2017, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1049–1057. PMID: 28801236.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.06.021CrossRefPubMed Marcos-Pérez, D., Sánchez-Flores, M., Maseda, A., Lorenzo-López, L., Millán-Calenti, J.C., Strasser, B., Gostner, J.M., Fuchs, D., Pásaro, E., Valdiglesias, V., and Laffon, B., Frailty status in older adults is related to alterations in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I enzymatic pathways. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc., 2017, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1049–1057. PMID: 28801236.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jamda.​2017.​06.​021CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Newman, A.B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W.J., Burke, G., and McBurnie, M.A., Cardiovascular health study collaborative research group, frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2001, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. M146–М156. PMID: 11253156.https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146CrossRefPubMed Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Newman, A.B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W.J., Burke, G., and McBurnie, M.A., Cardiovascular health study collaborative research group, frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype, J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., 2001, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. M146–М156. PMID: 11253156.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​gerona/​56.​3.​m146CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Theou, O., Brothers, T.D., Mitnitski, A., and Rockwood, K., Operationalization of frailty using eight commonly used scales and comparison of their ability to predict all-cause mortality, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 2013, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 1537–1551. PMID: 24028357.https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12420CrossRefPubMed Theou, O., Brothers, T.D., Mitnitski, A., and Rockwood, K., Operationalization of frailty using eight commonly used scales and comparison of their ability to predict all-cause mortality, J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 2013, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 1537–1551. PMID: 24028357.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​jgs.​12420CrossRefPubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Jang, I.Y., Park, J.H., Kim, J.H., Lee, S., Lee, E., Lee, J.Y., Park, S.J., Kim, D.A., Hamrick, M.W., and Kim, B.J., The association of circulating kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite, with frailty in older adults, Aging (Albany NY), 2020, vol. 12, no. 21, pp. 22 253–22 265. PMID: 33188590.https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.104179CrossRef Jang, I.Y., Park, J.H., Kim, J.H., Lee, S., Lee, E., Lee, J.Y., Park, S.J., Kim, D.A., Hamrick, M.W., and Kim, B.J., The association of circulating kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite, with frailty in older adults, Aging (Albany NY), 2020, vol. 12, no. 21, pp. 22 253–22 265. PMID: 33188590.https://​doi.​org/​10.​18632/​aging.​104179CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Dukes, A., Davis, C., El Refaey, M., Upadhyay, S., Mork, S., Arounleut, P., Johnson, M.H., Hill, W.D., Isales, C.M., and Hamrick, M.W., The aromatic amino acid tryptophan stimulates skeletal muscle IGF1/p70s6k/mTor signaling in vivo and the expression of myogenic genes in vitro, Nutrition, 2015, vol. 31, nos. 7–8, pp. 1018–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.011 Dukes, A., Davis, C., El Refaey, M., Upadhyay, S., Mork, S., Arounleut, P., Johnson, M.H., Hill, W.D., Isales, C.M., and Hamrick, M.W., The aromatic amino acid tryptophan stimulates skeletal muscle IGF1/p70s6k/mTor signaling in vivo and the expression of myogenic genes in vitro, Nutrition, 2015, vol. 31, nos. 7–8, pp. 1018–1024. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​nut.​2015.​02.​011
48.
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Aman, Y., Qiu, Y., Tao, J., and Fang, E., Therapeutic potential of boosting NAD+ in aging and age-related diseases, Transl. Med. Aging, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 30–37.CrossRef Aman, Y., Qiu, Y., Tao, J., and Fang, E., Therapeutic potential of boosting NAD+ in aging and age-related diseases, Transl. Med. Aging, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 30–37.CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Ding, K., McGee-Lawrence, M.E., Kaiser, H., et al., Picolinic acid, a tryptophan oxidation product, does not impact bone mineral density but increases marrow adiposity, Exp. Gerontol., 2020, vol. 133, p. 110885.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ding, K., McGee-Lawrence, M.E., Kaiser, H., et al., Picolinic acid, a tryptophan oxidation product, does not impact bone mineral density but increases marrow adiposity, Exp. Gerontol., 2020, vol. 133, p. 110885.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Oxford, L., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W., and Darlington, L.G., Kynurenine pathway metabolism in patients with osteoporosis after 2 years of drug treatment, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2006, vol. 33, pp. 1078–1087.CrossRefPubMed Forrest, C.M., Mackay, G.M., Oxford, L., Stoy, N., Stone, T.W., and Darlington, L.G., Kynurenine pathway metabolism in patients with osteoporosis after 2 years of drug treatment, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2006, vol. 33, pp. 1078–1087.CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Apalset, E.M., Gjesdal, C.G., Ueland, P.M., Midttun, Ø., Ulvik, A., Eide, G.E., Meyer, K., and Tell, G.S., Interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated inflammation and the kynurenine pathway in relation to bone mineral density: The Hordaland Health Study, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2014, vol. 176, pp. 452–460.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Apalset, E.M., Gjesdal, C.G., Ueland, P.M., Midttun, Ø., Ulvik, A., Eide, G.E., Meyer, K., and Tell, G.S., Interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated inflammation and the kynurenine pathway in relation to bone mineral density: The Hordaland Health Study, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2014, vol. 176, pp. 452–460.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Cason, C.A., Dolan, K.T., Sharma, G., Tao, M., Kulkarni, R., Helenowski, I.B., Doane, B.M., Avram, M.J., McDermott, M.M., Chang, E.B., Ozaki, C.K., and Ho, K.J., Plasma microbiome-modulated indole- and phenylderived metabolites associate with advanced atherosclerosis and postoperative outcomes, J. Vasc. Surg., 2018, vol. 68, no. 5, p. 1552–1562.e7. PMID: 29248242; PMCID: PMC5999545.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.09.029CrossRefPubMed Cason, C.A., Dolan, K.T., Sharma, G., Tao, M., Kulkarni, R., Helenowski, I.B., Doane, B.M., Avram, M.J., McDermott, M.M., Chang, E.B., Ozaki, C.K., and Ho, K.J., Plasma microbiome-modulated indole- and phenylderived metabolites associate with advanced atherosclerosis and postoperative outcomes, J. Vasc. Surg., 2018, vol. 68, no. 5, p. 1552–1562.e7. PMID: 29248242; PMCID: PMC5999545.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​jvs.​2017.​09.​029CrossRefPubMed
60.
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Goek, O.N., Prehn, C., Sekula, P., Römisch-Margl, W., Döring, A., Gieger, C., Heier, M., Koenig, W., Wang-Sattler, R., Illig, T., Suhre, K., Adamski, J., Köttgen, A., and Meisinger, C., Metabolites associate with kidney function decline and incident chronic kidney disease in the general population, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2013, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 2131–2138. PMID: 23739151.https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gft217CrossRefPubMed Goek, O.N., Prehn, C., Sekula, P., Römisch-Margl, W., Döring, A., Gieger, C., Heier, M., Koenig, W., Wang-Sattler, R., Illig, T., Suhre, K., Adamski, J., Köttgen, A., and Meisinger, C., Metabolites associate with kidney function decline and incident chronic kidney disease in the general population, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 2013, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 2131–2138. PMID: 23739151.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​ndt/​gft217CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Pedersen, E.R., Tuseth, N., Eussen, S.J., Ueland, P.M., Strand, E., Svingen, G.F., Midttun, Ø., Meyer, K., Mellgren, G., Ulvik, A., Nordrehaug, J.E., Nilsen, D.W., and Nygård, O., Associations of plasma kynurenines with risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina pectoris, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2015, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 455–462. PMID: 25524770.https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304674CrossRefPubMed Pedersen, E.R., Tuseth, N., Eussen, S.J., Ueland, P.M., Strand, E., Svingen, G.F., Midttun, Ø., Meyer, K., Mellgren, G., Ulvik, A., Nordrehaug, J.E., Nilsen, D.W., and Nygård, O., Associations of plasma kynurenines with risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients with stable angina pectoris, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2015, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 455–462. PMID: 25524770.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​ATVBAHA.​114.​304674CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Crepaldi, G. and Allegri, G., Relationship between tryptophan metabolism and vitamin B6 and nicotinamid in aged subjects, Acta Vit. Enzymol., 1975, vol. 29, pp. 140–144. Crepaldi, G. and Allegri, G., Relationship between tryptophan metabolism and vitamin B6 and nicotinamid in aged subjects, Acta Vit. Enzymol., 1975, vol. 29, pp. 140–144.
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Price, J. and Brown, R., Quantitative studies on human urinary metabolites of tryptophan as affected by isoniazid and deoxypyridoxine, J. Clin. Invest., 1957, vol. 36, pp. 1600–1607.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Price, J. and Brown, R., Quantitative studies on human urinary metabolites of tryptophan as affected by isoniazid and deoxypyridoxine, J. Clin. Invest., 1957, vol. 36, pp. 1600–1607.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Zuo, H., Ueland, P.M., Ulvik, A., Eussen, S.J., Vollset, S.E., Nygård, O., Midttun, Ø., Theofylaktopoulou, D., Meyer, K., and Tell, G.S., Plasma biomarkers of inflammation, the kynurenine pathway, and risks of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality: The Hordaland Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2016, vol. 183, no. 4, pp. 249–258. PMID: 26823439; PMCID: PMC4753283.https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv242CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Zuo, H., Ueland, P.M., Ulvik, A., Eussen, S.J., Vollset, S.E., Nygård, O., Midttun, Ø., Theofylaktopoulou, D., Meyer, K., and Tell, G.S., Plasma biomarkers of inflammation, the kynurenine pathway, and risks of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality: The Hordaland Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2016, vol. 183, no. 4, pp. 249–258. PMID: 26823439; PMCID: PMC4753283.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​aje/​kwv242CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
75.
Zurück zum Zitat El Refaey, M., Zhong, Q., Hill, W.D., Shi, X.M., Hamrick, M.W., Bailey, L., Johnson, M., Xu, J., Bollag, W.B., Chutkan, N., and Isales, C.M., Aromatic amino acid activation of signaling pathways in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells depends on oxygen tension, PLoS One, 2014, vol. 9, p. e91108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral El Refaey, M., Zhong, Q., Hill, W.D., Shi, X.M., Hamrick, M.W., Bailey, L., Johnson, M., Xu, J., Bollag, W.B., Chutkan, N., and Isales, C.M., Aromatic amino acid activation of signaling pathways in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells depends on oxygen tension, PLoS One, 2014, vol. 9, p. e91108.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
76.
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Refaey, M.E., McGee-Lawrence, M.E., Fulzele, S., et al., Kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite that accumulates with age, induces bone loss, J. Bone Miner. Res., 2017, vol. 32, pp. 2182–2193.CrossRefPubMed Refaey, M.E., McGee-Lawrence, M.E., Fulzele, S., et al., Kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite that accumulates with age, induces bone loss, J. Bone Miner. Res., 2017, vol. 32, pp. 2182–2193.CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Lovelace, M.D., Varney, B., Sundaram, G., Lennon, M.J., Lim, C.K., Jacobs, K., Guillemin, G.J., and Brew, B.J., Recent evidence for an expanded role of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in neurological diseases, Neuropharmacology, 2017, vol. 112, pp. 373–388.CrossRefPubMed Lovelace, M.D., Varney, B., Sundaram, G., Lennon, M.J., Lim, C.K., Jacobs, K., Guillemin, G.J., and Brew, B.J., Recent evidence for an expanded role of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in neurological diseases, Neuropharmacology, 2017, vol. 112, pp. 373–388.CrossRefPubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwarcz, R. and Stone, T.W., The kynurenine pathway and the brain: Challenges, controversies and promises, Neuropharmacology, 2017, vol. 112, pp. 237–247.CrossRefPubMed Schwarcz, R. and Stone, T.W., The kynurenine pathway and the brain: Challenges, controversies and promises, Neuropharmacology, 2017, vol. 112, pp. 237–247.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Zadori, D., Nyiri, G., Szonyi, A., Szatmari, I., Fulop, F., Toldi, J., Freund, T.F., Vecsei, L., and Klivenyi, P., Neuroprotective effects of a novel kynurenic acid analogue in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease, J. Neural Transm. (Vienna), 2011, vol. 118, pp. 865–875.CrossRefPubMed Zadori, D., Nyiri, G., Szonyi, A., Szatmari, I., Fulop, F., Toldi, J., Freund, T.F., Vecsei, L., and Klivenyi, P., Neuroprotective effects of a novel kynurenic acid analogue in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease, J. Neural Transm. (Vienna), 2011, vol. 118, pp. 865–875.CrossRefPubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Amaral, M., Levy, C., Heyes, D.J., Lafite, P., Outeiro, T.F., Giorgini, F., Leys, D., and Scrutton, N.S., Structural basis of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibition, Nature, 2013, vol. 496, pp. 382–385.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Amaral, M., Levy, C., Heyes, D.J., Lafite, P., Outeiro, T.F., Giorgini, F., Leys, D., and Scrutton, N.S., Structural basis of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibition, Nature, 2013, vol. 496, pp. 382–385.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Silva-Adaya, D., Perez-De La Cruz, V., Villeda-Hernandez, J., Carrillo-Mora, P., Gonzalez-Herrera, I.G., Garcia, E., Colin-Barenque, L., Pedraza-Chaverri, J., and Santamaria, A., Protective effect of L-kynurenine and probenecid on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced striatal toxicity in rats: Implications of modulating kynurenate as a protective strategy, Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 2011, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 303–312.CrossRefPubMed Silva-Adaya, D., Perez-De La Cruz, V., Villeda-Hernandez, J., Carrillo-Mora, P., Gonzalez-Herrera, I.G., Garcia, E., Colin-Barenque, L., Pedraza-Chaverri, J., and Santamaria, A., Protective effect of L-kynurenine and probenecid on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced striatal toxicity in rats: Implications of modulating kynurenate as a protective strategy, Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 2011, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 303–312.CrossRefPubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Zádori, D., Nyiri, G., Szonyi, A., Szatmári, I., Fülöp, F., Toldi, J., Freund, T.F., Vécsei, L., and Klivényi, P., Neuroprotective effects of a novel kynurenic acid analogue in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease, J. Neural Transm. (Vienna), 2011, vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 865–875. PMID: 21194001.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-010-0573-6CrossRefPubMed Zádori, D., Nyiri, G., Szonyi, A., Szatmári, I., Fülöp, F., Toldi, J., Freund, T.F., Vécsei, L., and Klivényi, P., Neuroprotective effects of a novel kynurenic acid analogue in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease, J. Neural Transm. (Vienna), 2011, vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 865–875. PMID: 21194001.https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00702-010-0573-6CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
The Role of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in the Development of Frailty in Older Adults
verfasst von
V. S. Pykhtina
Publikationsdatum
07.03.2024
Verlag
Pleiades Publishing
Erschienen in
Advances in Gerontology / Ausgabe 3/2023
Print ISSN: 2079-0570
Elektronische ISSN: 2079-0589
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079057024600216

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2023

Advances in Gerontology 3/2023 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Allgemeinmedizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Facharzt-Training Allgemeinmedizin

Die ideale Vorbereitung zur anstehenden Prüfung mit den ersten 49 von 100 klinischen Fallbeispielen verschiedener Themenfelder

Mehr erfahren

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

29.05.2024 Herzinfarkt Nachrichten

Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind die Chancen, einen Myokardinfarkt zu überleben, in den letzten 15 Jahren deutlich gestiegen – nicht jedoch bei Betroffenen mit Typ 1.

Wie der Klimawandel gefährliche Pilzinfektionen begünstigt

24.05.2024 Candida-Mykosen Nachrichten

Dass sich invasive Pilzinfektionen in letzter Zeit weltweit häufen, liegt wahrscheinlich auch am Klimawandel. Ausbrüche mit dem Hefepilz Candida auris stellen eine zunehmende Gefahr für Immungeschwächte dar – auch in Deutschland.

So wirken verschiedene Alkoholika auf den Blutdruck

23.05.2024 Störungen durch Alkohol Nachrichten

Je mehr Alkohol Menschen pro Woche trinken, desto mehr steigt ihr Blutdruck, legen Daten aus Dänemark nahe. Ob es dabei auch auf die Art des Alkohols ankommt, wurde ebenfalls untersucht.

Das sind die führenden Symptome junger Darmkrebspatienten

Darmkrebserkrankungen in jüngeren Jahren sind ein zunehmendes Problem, das häufig längere Zeit übersehen wird, gerade weil die Patienten noch nicht alt sind. Welche Anzeichen Ärzte stutzig machen sollten, hat eine Metaanalyse herausgearbeitet.

Update Allgemeinmedizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.