Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Advances in Gerontology 2/2021

01.04.2021

Why Do People Fear of Aging? A Theoretical Framework

verfasst von: Y. A. Momtaz, N. Mahmoudi, N. Zanjari

Erschienen in: Advances in Gerontology | Ausgabe 2/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Fear of aging can be experienced by people of all age groups and negatively affects health and well-being. Fear of aging has been defined as irrational and persistent fear of getting older. It negatively affects health of younger and older adults. This paper aimed to propose a theoretical framework that explains causes of fear of aging. The authors reviewed and critiqued existing theories related to fear of aging. Then a new theoretical framework was developed using a deductive approach. Based on the gerontological literature, it was found that fear of aging is a multifactorial phenomenon and rooted from several psychosocial theories such as social identity theory, terror management theory, social clock theory, double standard of aging theory, and stereotype embodiment theory. The results of this review study provide a theoretical framework for understanding the causes of fear of aging. This theoretical framework may help gerontological researchers to identify risk factors accounting for fear of aging. The proposed framework can explain the fear of aging and provide some strategies for reducing the fear of aging. In sum, the fear of aging can continue to increase until societies reduce the boundaries between the young and the old and consider aging as a normal process.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen, J.O., Ageism as a risk factor for chronic disease, Gerontologist, 2015, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 610–614.PubMedCrossRef Allen, J.O., Ageism as a risk factor for chronic disease, Gerontologist, 2015, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 610–614.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrett, A.E. and Robbins, C., The multiple sources of women’s aging anxiety and their relationship with psychological distress, J. Aging Health, 2008, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 32–65.PubMedCrossRef Barrett, A.E. and Robbins, C., The multiple sources of women’s aging anxiety and their relationship with psychological distress, J. Aging Health, 2008, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 32–65.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrett, A.E., Gendered experiences in midlife: implications for age identity, J. Aging Stud., 2005, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 163–183.CrossRef Barrett, A.E., Gendered experiences in midlife: implications for age identity, J. Aging Stud., 2005, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 163–183.CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Berk, L., Development through the Lifespan, New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2017. Berk, L., Development through the Lifespan, New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2017.
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bodner, E., Shrira, A., Bergman, Y.S., et al., Anxieties about aging and death and psychological distress: the protective role of emotional complexity, Pers. Individ. Differ., 2015, vol. 83, pp. 91–96.CrossRef Bodner, E., Shrira, A., Bergman, Y.S., et al., Anxieties about aging and death and psychological distress: the protective role of emotional complexity, Pers. Individ. Differ., 2015, vol. 83, pp. 91–96.CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Brunton, R.J. and Scott, G., Do we fear ageing? A multidimensional approach to ageing anxiety, Educ. Gerontol., 2015, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 786–799.CrossRef Brunton, R.J. and Scott, G., Do we fear ageing? A multidimensional approach to ageing anxiety, Educ. Gerontol., 2015, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 786–799.CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Chonody, J.M. and Teater, B., Social Work Practice With Older Adults: An Actively Aging Framework for Practice, New York: SAGE, 2017. Chonody, J.M. and Teater, B., Social Work Practice With Older Adults: An Actively Aging Framework for Practice, New York: SAGE, 2017.
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Chonody, J.M. and Teater, B., Why do I dread looking old?: A test of social identity theory, terror management theory, and the double standard of aging, J. Women Aging, 2016, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 112–126.PubMedCrossRef Chonody, J.M. and Teater, B., Why do I dread looking old?: A test of social identity theory, terror management theory, and the double standard of aging, J. Women Aging, 2016, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 112–126.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Coudin, G. and Alexopoulos, T., Help me! I’m old! How negative aging stereotypes create dependency among older adults, Aging Ment. Health, 2010, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 516–523.PubMedCrossRef Coudin, G. and Alexopoulos, T., Help me! I’m old! How negative aging stereotypes create dependency among older adults, Aging Ment. Health, 2010, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 516–523.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., and Pyszczynski, T., A terror management theory of social behavior: the psychological functions of self-esteem and cultural worldviews, in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic, 1997. Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., and Pyszczynski, T., A terror management theory of social behavior: the psychological functions of self-esteem and cultural worldviews, in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, New York: Academic, 1997.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., and Solomon, S., The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: a terror management theory, in Public Self and Private Self, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986. Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., and Solomon, S., The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: a terror management theory, in Public Self and Private Self, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Harris, L.A. and Dollinger, S.M.C., Individual differences in personality traits and anxiety about aging, Pers. Individ. Differ., 2003, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 187–194.CrossRef Harris, L.A. and Dollinger, S.M.C., Individual differences in personality traits and anxiety about aging, Pers. Individ. Differ., 2003, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 187–194.CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim, S.Y. and Lee, J.I., A study on aging anxiety, depression, and self-esteem of middle-aged people, J. Korean Acad. Fundam. Nurs., 2007, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 103–109. Kim, S.Y. and Lee, J.I., A study on aging anxiety, depression, and self-esteem of middle-aged people, J. Korean Acad. Fundam. Nurs., 2007, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 103–109.
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Klemmack, D.L. and Roff, L.L., Fear of personal aging and subjective well-being in later life, J. Gerontol., 1984, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 756–758.PubMedCrossRef Klemmack, D.L. and Roff, L.L., Fear of personal aging and subjective well-being in later life, J. Gerontol., 1984, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 756–758.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Lachman, M.E., Handbook of Midlife Development, New York: Wiley, 2002. Lachman, M.E., Handbook of Midlife Development, New York: Wiley, 2002.
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Lasher, K.P. and Faulkender, P.J., Measurement of aging anxiety: development of the anxiety about aging scale, Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 1993, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 247–259.PubMedCrossRef Lasher, K.P. and Faulkender, P.J., Measurement of aging anxiety: development of the anxiety about aging scale, Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 1993, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 247–259.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy, B.R., Slade, M.D., May, J., et al., Physical recovery after acute myocardial infarction: positive age self-stereotypes as a resource, Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 2006, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 285–301.PubMedCrossRef Levy, B.R., Slade, M.D., May, J., et al., Physical recovery after acute myocardial infarction: positive age self-stereotypes as a resource, Int. J. Aging Hum. Dev., 2006, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 285–301.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Levy, B.R., Mind matters: cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes, J. Gerontol., B, 2003, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 203–211. Levy, B.R., Mind matters: cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes, J. Gerontol., B, 2003, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 203–211.
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Lynch, S.M., Measurement and prediction of aging anxiety, Res. Aging, 2000, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 533–558.CrossRef Lynch, S.M., Measurement and prediction of aging anxiety, Res. Aging, 2000, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 533–558.CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahoney, B., Aging anxieties and disturbed eating in female students: it’s not all about aging appearance concern, Eur. J. Psychol., 2018, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 7–27.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mahoney, B., Aging anxieties and disturbed eating in female students: it’s not all about aging appearance concern, Eur. J. Psychol., 2018, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 7–27.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Martens, A., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., et al., Ageism and death: effects of mortality salience and perceived similarity to elders on reactions to elderly people, Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull., 2004, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1524–1536.PubMedCrossRef Martens, A., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., et al., Ageism and death: effects of mortality salience and perceived similarity to elders on reactions to elderly people, Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull., 2004, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1524–1536.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat McLean, M.C., Gender and ageism: the role of aesthetic preferences in the aging double standard, PhD Thesis, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ., 2015. McLean, M.C., Gender and ageism: the role of aesthetic preferences in the aging double standard, PhD Thesis, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univ., 2015.
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Medical definition of fear of age, MedicineNet, 2018. https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp? articlekey=12393. Accessed June 11, 2018. Medical definition of fear of age, MedicineNet, 2018. https://​www.​medicinenet.​com/​script/​main/​art.​asp?​ articlekey=12393. Accessed June 11, 2018.
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Momtaz, Y.A., Hamid, T.A., Masud, J., et al., Dyadic effects of attitude toward aging on psychological well-being of older Malaysian couples: an actor–partner interdependence model, Clin. Interventions Aging, 2013, vol. 8, pp. 1413–1420.CrossRef Momtaz, Y.A., Hamid, T.A., Masud, J., et al., Dyadic effects of attitude toward aging on psychological well-being of older Malaysian couples: an actor–partner interdependence model, Clin. Interventions Aging, 2013, vol. 8, pp. 1413–1420.CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Neugarten, D.A., The Meanings of Age: Selected Papers of Bernice, Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1996. Neugarten, D.A., The Meanings of Age: Selected Papers of Bernice, Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1996.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Neugarten, B.L. and Neugarten, D.A., Age in the aging society, Daedalus, 1986, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 31–49. Neugarten, B.L. and Neugarten, D.A., Age in the aging society, Daedalus, 1986, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 31–49.
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Ng, E.S. and Law, A., Keeping up! Older workers’ adaptation in the workplace after age 55, Can. J. Aging, 2014, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–14.PubMedCrossRef Ng, E.S. and Law, A., Keeping up! Older workers’ adaptation in the workplace after age 55, Can. J. Aging, 2014, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–14.PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Nosek, B.A., Banaji, M.R., and Greenwald, A.G., Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site, Group Dyn. Theory Res. Pract., 2002, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 101–115.CrossRef Nosek, B.A., Banaji, M.R., and Greenwald, A.G., Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site, Group Dyn. Theory Res. Pract., 2002, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 101–115.CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Perales-Blum, L., Juarez-Trevino, M., and Escobedo-Belloc, D., Severe growing-up phobia, a condition explained in a 14-year-old boy, Case Rep. Psychiatry, 2014, vol. 2014, art. ID 706439.PubMedPubMedCentral Perales-Blum, L., Juarez-Trevino, M., and Escobedo-Belloc, D., Severe growing-up phobia, a condition explained in a 14-year-old boy, Case Rep. Psychiatry, 2014, vol. 2014, art. ID 706439.PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Rook, K.S., Catalano, R., and Dooley, D., The timing of major life events: effects of departing from the social clock, Am. J. Community Psychol., 1989, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 233–258.PubMedCrossRef Rook, K.S., Catalano, R., and Dooley, D., The timing of major life events: effects of departing from the social clock, Am. J. Community Psychol., 1989, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 233–258.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Sontag, S., The double standard of aging, Saturday Rev., 1972, vol. 23, pp. 29–38. Sontag, S., The double standard of aging, Saturday Rev., 1972, vol. 23, pp. 29–38.
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Tajfel, H. and Turner, J.C., The social identity theory of intergroup behavior, in The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1986). Tajfel, H. and Turner, J.C., The social identity theory of intergroup behavior, in The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1986).
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Thurlow, C.B., A narrative inquiry and self-study of practice investigation into experiences with older adults and aging via an online college-level gerontology course, PhD Thesis, Kansas City, MO: Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City, 2016. Thurlow, C.B., A narrative inquiry and self-study of practice investigation into experiences with older adults and aging via an online college-level gerontology course, PhD Thesis, Kansas City, MO: Univ. of Missouri-Kansas City, 2016.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson, J., Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to Doing Your Research Project, London: SAGE, 2014. Wilson, J., Essentials of Business Research: A Guide to Doing Your Research Project, London: SAGE, 2014.
Metadaten
Titel
Why Do People Fear of Aging? A Theoretical Framework
verfasst von
Y. A. Momtaz
N. Mahmoudi
N. Zanjari
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2021
Verlag
Pleiades Publishing
Erschienen in
Advances in Gerontology / Ausgabe 2/2021
Print ISSN: 2079-0570
Elektronische ISSN: 2079-0589
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079057021020089

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2021

Advances in Gerontology 2/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Leitlinien kompakt für die Allgemeinmedizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Facharzt-Training Allgemeinmedizin

Die ideale Vorbereitung zur anstehenden Prüfung mit den ersten 49 von 100 klinischen Fallbeispielen verschiedener Themenfelder

Mehr erfahren

Nach Herzinfarkt mit Typ-1-Diabetes schlechtere Karten als mit Typ 2?

29.05.2024 Herzinfarkt Nachrichten

Bei Menschen mit Typ-2-Diabetes sind die Chancen, einen Myokardinfarkt zu überleben, in den letzten 15 Jahren deutlich gestiegen – nicht jedoch bei Betroffenen mit Typ 1.

Wie der Klimawandel gefährliche Pilzinfektionen begünstigt

24.05.2024 Candida-Mykosen Nachrichten

Dass sich invasive Pilzinfektionen in letzter Zeit weltweit häufen, liegt wahrscheinlich auch am Klimawandel. Ausbrüche mit dem Hefepilz Candida auris stellen eine zunehmende Gefahr für Immungeschwächte dar – auch in Deutschland.

So wirken verschiedene Alkoholika auf den Blutdruck

23.05.2024 Störungen durch Alkohol Nachrichten

Je mehr Alkohol Menschen pro Woche trinken, desto mehr steigt ihr Blutdruck, legen Daten aus Dänemark nahe. Ob es dabei auch auf die Art des Alkohols ankommt, wurde ebenfalls untersucht.

Das sind die führenden Symptome junger Darmkrebspatienten

Darmkrebserkrankungen in jüngeren Jahren sind ein zunehmendes Problem, das häufig längere Zeit übersehen wird, gerade weil die Patienten noch nicht alt sind. Welche Anzeichen Ärzte stutzig machen sollten, hat eine Metaanalyse herausgearbeitet.

Update Allgemeinmedizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.